8-1-11

All Blue text is a link…be sure and click on it for more information!

‡     TODAY’s “Geez”:

¬ 1869 - 1st voyage down Colorado River

¬ 1953 - Calif introduces sales tax (for education)

¬ 1957 - 1st commercial building heated by Sun (Albuquerque NM)

¬ 1957 - US & Canada create North American Air Defense Command (NORAD)

¬ 1960 - Chubby Checker releases "The Twist"

¬ 1972 - 1st article exposing Wategate scandal (Bernstein-Woodward)

‡     Free Rambling Thoughts…

I had a well deserved lazy day today. I stayed up late last night watching movies. Then slept in until 7am. I only did a cursory check of mail for bills. The rest will wait till tomorrow. I caught up on my recorded shows and kicked it all day. I’m really into the USA and TNT series that last for a few months, and come back in a few months later.

Jeannie called and all seems to be well with her. She is still raising her grandkids and seems to be enjoying it. She is selling or transferring her house in Tuba to a relative, since she says she has no desire to return to Tuba to live. She’s always been a city Native and I was amazed at how many years she stayed in Tuba working. She is one of the most caring people I know, always helping those with less—and believe me she doesn’t have very much. She is happy and that is what is important.

I’ve heard ‘there’s an app for that’ for some time. Today I saw an ad for the iPad that shows a man talking to his iPad and an instant voice translation into another language for the person he is talking to understand. I’m sure it is not as good as it looks, but what a concept. I remember when the ‘big deal’ in commercials was to scan a document and have it on your computer in less than a minute, ready to add to or change. A few years later, it still had a lot of problems and it I think it took longer to get rid of all the ‘garbage’ than it would have taken to simply type the page again. I’m sure that the iPad app has it’s drawbacks. I also don’t know if I could stand in a foreign country, with an iPad talking to the Natives. But I never expected to be answering e-mail on a river in Borneo. Technology is so amazing—when it works or when it opens new possibilities.

A couple of showers wet the streets at my house, but it did rain hard in other parts of Flag. Keep them monsoons coming.

‡     Trivia Quiz…(answers at the end of post)

News Stories Trivia - John Scopes, Insulin, hostages, Spirit of St. Louis, Ku Klux Klan, Microwave ovens, the Gold standard and more

1.      Who revived the Ku Klux Klan in 1915?

2.      Which two Canadians discovered insulin taken from pigs could help diabetics?

3.      Which boat capsized in the 1997 Vendee Globe round the world race?

4.      Who is credited with inventing the microwave when a chocolate bar melted in his pocket when he was standing in front of a magnetron?

5.      Rudolf Nureyev took citizenship of which country in 1982?

6.      Who was President when the USA went formally onto the gold standard?

7.      In which city were the "Chariots OF Fire" Olympic Games?

8.      Who took the world land speed record in 1903?

9.      Why was John Scopes brought to trial in Tennessee in 1925?

10.   In which two events did Mildred "Babe" Didrikson win gold a the 1932 L A Olympics?

11.   Who were the two women hostages held in the US Embassy in Tehran in 1980-81?

12.   Who was the first black guest to be invited to dine at the White House?

‡     Zoom-ed in Picture…Can you Identify what this is? (Answer at end of post)

‡     Hmmmmm…

¬Number of states that have more pigs than people: 5 [Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, North Carolina, and South Dakota]

‡     Somewhat Useless Information…

¬ Coffee was the top agricultural export for twelve countries in 2004, and it was the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value in 2005.

¬ "El Tosto," the first electric toaster, was most likely invented in 1905, when inventor Albert Marsh developed the Nichrome wire, making the toaster possible

¬ The average cell phone has 100 times as much bacteria as a toilet seat.

¬ There are 70,000 E.coli infections every year in the US. Beef and fecal matter are two of the major sources.

‡     Yeah, It Really Happened…

NEWARK, Ohio - An Ohio woman said a picture taken with her deceased father's open casket forming the "I" in an "O-H-I-O" cheer is a tribute to his love for the Buckeyes. Juli Miracle, who arranged for the picture to be taken after the July 1 death of her father, Roy Miracle, said the picture was a tribute to her father's fun-loving ways and his love for Ohio State University, The Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch reported Thursday. "I didn't do it for anybody but Dad and I," Juli Miracle said of the picture, which quickly spread across the Internet.

"To me, it was the best honor and tribute to do for him and OSU."

The Rev. Mark Chow, who presided over the funeral at First United Methodist Church in Newark, said the photo was a fitting tribute to Roy Miracle. "He was a fun-loving man who loved to tease," Chow said.

‡     Guffaw…or at least smile…

While walking to the ninth hole, one psychiatrist said to his colleague, “would you believe that yesterday I had a patient who claimed he heard music every time he put on his hat?”

 “Really? What did you do?”

 The psychiatrist answered, “I took it away and removed the band.”

Bonus:

A guy walks into a bar. He says to the bartender "I'd like a Whiskey Sour." The bartender replies "How do you make that?"

The guy says "You put in whiskey to make it strong, water to make it weak, lemon to make it sour and sugar to make it sweat. You mix it all together and you say 'Here's to you' and then you drink it yourself."

The bartender says "That's not a drink! That's a contradiction!"

‡     Searchin’ “You Tube” I found…

 Tommy Makem ~ Will You Go Lassie, Go

‡     Daybook Information…

…Happening This Week:

1-7: Exhibitor Appreciation Week / Psychic Week / National Fraud Awareness Week / Simplify Your Life Week / Single Working Women's Week / World Breastfeeding Week

‡     THIS MONTH IS

·        American Adventures Month

·        American Indian Heritage Month

·        Black Business Month

·        Cataract Awareness Month

·        Celery, Fennel and Cactus Month Link

·        Children's Eye Health & Safety Month

·        Children's Vision & Learning Month

·        Get Ready for Kindergarten Month

·        Golf Month Link

·        Happiness Happens Month

·        Motorsports Awareness Month

·        Mushroom and Onion Month

·        National Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Awareness Month 

·        National Immunization Awareness Month

·        National Panini Month

·        National Spinal Muscular Atrophy Awareness Month

·        National Runaway Prevention Month

·        National Truancy Prevention Month

·        National Water Quality Month

·        National Win With Civility Month

·        Neurosurgery Outreach Month

·        Orange and Papaya Month

·        Pedestrian Safety Month

·        Psoriasis Awareness Month

·        What Will Be Your Legacy Month

‡     TODAY IS

¬ Girlfriend's Day

¬ National Minority Donor Awareness Day

¬ Ramadan (Islamic)

¬ Respect for Parents Day

¬ Rounds Resounding Day

¬ Spiderman Day

¬ US Air Force Day

¬ World Wide Web Day

~*~

¬ Bahamas, Trinidad, Tobago:  Emancipation Day

¬ Benin: Independence Day (1960 from France)

¬ Jamaica: Abolition of Slavery Day (1834)

¬ Jamaica: Independence Day (1962 from UK)

¬ US: Colorado: Admission Day (1876—38^th state)

¬ Zambia: Youth Day

          

‡     Today’s Events:

·        IN ARTS

1927 - Earliest date for a film to be considered for the Academy Awards

1981 - MTV premieres at 12:01 AM

·        IN ATHLETICS

1716 - 1st sculling race (London Bridge to Chelsea)

1928 - Babe Ruth hits HR # 42 & is 4 weeks ahead of his 1927 pace

1936 - Adolph Hitler opens 11th Olympic Games in Berlin

1976 - 21st Olympic games close at Montreal Canada

1982 - Greg Louganis, US becomes 1st diver to score 700 (752.67) in 11 dives

1993 - Reggie Jackson enshrined in Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, NY

·        IN BUSINESS

1901 - Burial within SF City limits prohibited

1941 - The first Jeep is produced

·        IN EDUCATION

1911 - Omar N Bradley (18) begins education in West Point

1944 - Anne Frank's last diary entry; 3 days later she is arrested

·        FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

1735 - An agreement covering "amity and commerce" is reached by representatives of the British in New York, and Western Abenaki, Housatonic, Mohegan and Scaghticoke Indians

·        IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic

1291 - Everlasting League forms, basis of Swiss Confederation (Independence)

1498 - Christopher Columbus lands on "Isla Santa" (Venezuela)

1780 - Sweden declares neutrality

1834 - Slavery abolished throughout the British Empire

·        IN RELIGION

--

·        IN SCIENCE

1785 - Caroline Herschel becomes 1st woman discoverer of a comet

1793 - France becomes 1st country to use the metric system

·        IN US POLITICS

1619 - 1st black Americans (20) land at Jamestown, Virginia

1790 - 1st US census (population of 3,939,214; 697,624 are slaves)

1794 - Whiskey Rebellion begins1831 - London Bridge opens to traffic

1867 - Blacks vote for 1st time in a state election in South (Tenn)

1881 - US Quarantine Station authorized for Angel Island, SF Bay

1946 - Pres Truman establishes Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)

1950 - Territory of Guam created

·        ARTISTS:  AUTHORS:  COMPOSERS

1819 - Herman Melville, author (Moby Dick, Billy Budd)

1911 - Jackie Ormes, First African-American cartoonist 

·        ATHLETES

Darryl Hall, NFL cornerback (SF 49ers) turns 45

Nancy Lopez, professional golfer turns 59

·        ENTERTAINERS (ACTORS/SINGERS…)

Tempestt Bledsoe actor (Cosby Show) turns 38

1924 - Yvonne DeCarlo, actress (10 Commandments, Lily-Munsters)

1933-Dom DeLuise comedian

1942 - Jerry Garcia, rocker (Grateful Dead-Uncle Joe's Band)

·        ENTREPRENEUR & EDUCATORS

1837 - Mother Jones (Mary Harris Jones), American labor organizer 

·        POLITICIANS

--

·        SCIENTISTS / THEOLOGISTS

1770 - William Clark, 2nd lt of Lewis & Clark Expedition

1889 - John F Mahoney, developed penicillin treatment of syphilis

1818 - Maria Mitchell, 1st US woman astronomer on Nantucket Island

1626 - Sabbatai Zevi, Montenegrin rabbi, kabbalist, and founder of the Jewish Sabbatean movement

‡     Today’s Obits:

1589 - Jacques Clément, French assassin of Henry III of France killed by Royal attendants at 22

1917 - Frank Little, American labor organizer lynched at 38

2007 - Tommy Makem, Irish folk singer dies at 75

1977 - Francis Gary Powers, US U-2 pilot, dies as pilot of helicopter at 47

1714 - Anne Stuart, queen of England (1702-14), dies of gout at about 49

‡     ANSWERS:

Trivia Quiz

1.      Who revived the Ku Klux Klan in 1915?

a.      William Simmonds

2.      Which two Canadians discovered insulin taken from pigs could help diabetics?

a.      Frederick Banting & Charles Best

3.      Which boat capsized in the 1997 Vendee Globe round the world race?

a.      Exide Challenger

4.      Who is credited with inventing the microwave when a chocolate bar melted in his pocket when he was standing in front of a magnetron?

a.      Percy LeBaron Spencer

5.      Rudolf Nureyev took citizenship of which country in 1982?

a.      Austria

6.      Who was President when the USA went formally onto the gold standard?

a.      McKinley

7.      In which city were the "Chariots OF Fire" Olympic Games?

a.      Paris

8.      Who took the world land speed record in 1903?

a.      Henry Ford—91.7mph

9.      Why was John Scopes brought to trial in Tennessee in 1925?

a.      Teaching about evolution

10.   In which two events did Mildred "Babe" Didrikson win gold a the 1932 L A Olympics?

a.      Hurdles and javelin

11.   Who were the two women hostages held in the US Embassy in Tehran in 1980-81?

a.      Kathryn Koob—NGO director & Elizabeth Ann Swift—Chief of Political Section of US Embassy

12.   Who was the first black guest to be invited to dine at the White House?

a.      Booker T Washington

Close Up Picture

Disclaimer: All opinions are mine…feel free to agree or disagree. All ‘data’ info is from the internet sites and is usually checked with at least one other source, but I have learned that every site has mistakes and sadly once out the information is out there, many sites simply copy it and is therefore difficult to verify. Also for events occurring before the Gregorian calendar was adopted [1582] may not be totally accurate.

‡     AND THAT’S ALL FOR NOW     ‡

7-31-11

All Blue text is a link…be sure and click on it for more information!

‡     TODAY’s “Geez”:

¬ 1932 - George Washington quarter goes into circulation

¬ 1953 - Dept of Health, Education & Welfare created

¬ 1958 - Anti-Chinese uprising in Tibet

¬ 1961 - Israel welcomes its 1,000,000th immigrant

‡     Free Rambling Thoughts…

I went to lunch with a couple of Tuba friends. They are headed back to work for another exciting year. We ate at La Fonda, which was very crowded. Nice to catch up, but not sorry I don’t have to get ready for the new school year. They were surprise I had done the Grand Canyon, but were very interested in the trip. I don’t think they believed all of my stories or the fact that we were on a non-motorized trip. It rained a lot on the west side of town, a little at La Fonda, but my area stayed dry. It’s still very cloudy and the weatherman says we are still in for rain until Monday. I sure hope so.

Still no deal in the Congress. I’m hoping my retirement check comes in on the first. I have bills to pay and I hate to delve into my savings to do it. That money is earning 7% minimum and that can become quite an amount if I have to withdraw. I’m sure Congress doesn’t really care, and will not pay me the interest on any money I withdraw, or even interest on the money when my check is late. I keep remembering a statement from the Republicans after the last election: Our number one priority is to elect a Republican in 2012. Well, they are sure trying to make Obama look bad. Of course, they also look really bad.

I also caught up on laundry from the trip. I learned that white swim suits and socks that were in the river will never be white again. So much for light colored clothes on a river trip. Everything else came out smelling and looking like new. As most can tell, my feet have healed, with virtually no pain. Still using the cream as there are a few spots of very stubborn fungus. I quickly learned that a Q-tip is the best way to get the cream between the red toes with no pain. I’ll keep it up for the two weeks suggested….I sure don’t want it back.

My other blog is coming along with the write up of my trip. I’ll take the film in on Monday so I can start adding pictures. Will let you know when it is up. Tomorrow will be catching up on a sack of mail. I picked it up today, but didn’t even look at it. The Havasupai Post Office is one of the many on the chopping block. It should work out, as they will just move the post office to the store or a government building. Yeah, they won’t be able to get their mail after 5p or on weekends, but the mail will still come down on mule. I dealt with a substation PO at Shonto, Kaibeto, Navajo Mountain, and Red Lake. My mom dealt with one in Lakewood. The only difference is that my mom had her mail delivered to the Independent Living facility, so it was only a small hassle to mail something.

‡     Trivia Quiz…(answers at the end of post)

1.      Which 90s rerun of a 60s series had the promotion line" It's not stupid... it's surrealism?"

2.      Who was the producer creator of Gilligan's Island?

3.      Ed Sullivan was Broadway gossip columnist on which newspaper?

4.      Which 1968 cop show was the brain child of Aaron Spelling?

5.      Which series was based on the novel Cyborg by Martin Caidin?

6.      Who hosted The Match Game on its original run on NBC?

7.      Who first asked contestants to "come on down" on The Price Is Right?

8.      Who played the theme music on The Dating Game?

9.      What was Desi Arnaz's real first name?

10.   Who hosted The Texaco Star Theater in the 1940s?

11.   What was the name of the cook in Bonanza?

12.   Which comedy show was originally called You'll Never Get Rich?

13.   What was Hanna and Barbera's first TV show?

‡     Zoom-ed in Picture…Can you Identify what this is? (Answer at end of post)

‡     Hmmmmm…

¬ Chances that an American will say his or her diet is ‘healthy’: 9 out of 10

‡     Somewhat Useless Information…

¬ Gamblers in ancient Greece made dice from the ankle bones and shoulder blades of sheep.

¬ Sir Miles Partridge once played at dice with Henry VIII for the bells of St. Paul's church, won, and collected the bells.

¬ In 18th century English gambling dens, there was an employee whose only job was to swallow the dice if there was a police raid.

¬ At Brooks, an 18th century English gambling club, the faro table had a large semicircular section cut out of one of its sides in order to accommodate the enormous stomach of the famous statesman Charles James Fox.

¬ In poker a pair of aces and a pair of eights is known as a "dead man's hand." The odd name originated in 1876, when Wild Bill Hickok was shot down by Jack McCall during a card game in a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. As Wild Bill slumped over the table he exposed his hand for all to see-it showed a pair of eights and a pair of aces.

¬ The receipts from illegal gambling each year in the United States surpass the total revenues of America's 75 largest industrial organizations combined.

‡     Yeah, It Really Happened…

TORONTO - Bringing a cockatoo or handcuffs to a job interview is a guaranteed failure, an international job placement company in Toronto said. The Robert Half firm published a summary of worst-case scenarios from hiring managers around the world about interviews gone wrong.

Among the managers' bad memories was an applicant who "came in for an interview with a cockatoo on his shoulder."

Other managers recounted interview shocks when a candidate sent his sister to apply for him.

"One candidate sang all of her responses to interview questions," one manager said.

Another manager said he was taken aback by an apparent show of determination by a job candidate who "handcuffed himself to the desk during the interview," the agency said in a release.

Another applicant doomed his job chances by saying too much about his plans.

"One individual said we had nice benefits, which was good because he was going to need to take a lot of leave in the next year," a manager told the firm.

‡     Guffaw…or at least smile…

George Bush met with the Queen of England. He asked her, "Your Majesty, how do you run such an efficient government? Are there... any tips you can give to me?"

 ‎"Well," said the Queen, "the most important thing is to surround yourself with intelligent people." Bush frowned, and then asked, "But how do I know the people around me are really intelligent?"

The Queen took a sip of tea. "Oh, that's easy; you just ask them to answer an intelligent riddle." The Queen pushed a button on her intercom. "Please ... See More send Tony Blair in here, would you?"

 Tony Blair walked into the room and said, "Yes, Your Majesty?" The Queen smiled and said, "Answer me this please, Tony, your mother and father have a child. It is not your brother and it is not your sister. Who is it?"

 Without pausing for a moment, Tony Blair answered, "That would be me."

 "Yes! Very good," said the Queen.

Bush went back home to ask Dick Cheney, his vice presidential choice the same question. "Dick, answer this for me. Your mother and your father have a child. It's not your brother and it's not your sister. Who is it?"

"I'm not sure," said Cheney. "Let me get back to you on that one..." He went to his advisors and asked every one, but none could give him an answer.

 Finally, he ran into Sarah Palin out eating one night. Cheney asked, “Sarah, can you answer this for me? Your mother and father have a child and it's not your brother or your sister. Who is it?"

 Sarah Palin answered back, "That's easy, it's me!"

 Cheney smiled, and said, "Thanks!" Then, he went back to speak with Bush. "Say, I did some research and I have the answer to that riddle. It's Sarah Palin!"

Bush got up, stomped over to Cheney, and angrily yelled into his face, "No! You idiot! It's Tony Blair!"

‡     Searchin’ “You Tube” I found…

Cool Japan! Mt.Fuji

‡     Daybook Information…

…Happening This Week:

¬29-31 Garlic Days

       World Lumberjack Championships

‡     TODAY IS

¬ Ramadan (Islamic - begins at sunset)

·         

‡     Today’s Events:

·        IN ARTS

--

·        IN ATHLETICS

1922 - 18-year-old Ralph Samuelson rides world's 1st water skis (Minn)

1928 - 1st woman to win a track and field Olympic gold medal, Halina Konopacka of Poland

1981 - 42 day old, 2nd major league baseball strike ends

·        IN BUSINESS

1751 - Fire in Stockholm destroys 1,000 houses

1809 - 1st practical US railroad track (wooden, for horse-drawn cars), Philadelphia

1948 - Pres Truman dedicates Idlewild Field (Kennedy Airport), NY

·        IN EDUCATION

--

·        FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

1763 - Captain James Dalyell, and 280 soldiers attack Pontiac's village at 2:30 am this morning. Pontiac is informed of Dalyell's plans, so he sets up an ambush at the Parent's Creek bridge with 400 Indians. When Dalyell's troops approach the bridge, the Indians attack. Twenty soldiers, including Dalyell, and seven Indians are killed in the fighting. The creek, near Detroit, is now called Bloody Run

·        IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

1498 - Christopher Columbus discovers island of Trinidad

1588 - English fleet beats Spanish Armada

1970 - Black Tot Day: The last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy

1994 - UN votes 12-0 (2 abstentions) to authorize use of force against Haiti

·        IN RELIGION

--

·        IN SCIENCE

  781 - The oldest recorded eruption of Mt. Fuji 

1774 - Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen

1790 - 1st US patent granted, to Samuel Hopkins for a potash process

2006 - Fidel Castro hands over power temporarily to brother Raúl Castro.

·        IN US POLITICS

1792 - Cornerstone laid for 1st US govt building: US Mint in Philadelphia

1876 - US Coast Guard officers' training school established (New Bedford MA)

1912 - US govt prohibits movies & photos of prize fights 

1960 - Elijah Muhammad, leader of Nation of Islam, calls for a black state

1972 - Thomas Eagleton withdraws as Democratic VP candidate

1991 - Senate votes to allow women to fly combat aircraft

·        ARTISTS:  AUTHORS:  COMPOSERS

1883 - Fred Quimby, American film producer: Tom and Jerry Cartoons

J. K. Rowling, British writer turns 46

·        ATHLETES

·        Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Australian tennis player (Wimbledon 1971) turns 56

1904 - Arthur Daley, sportswriter (NY Times-Pulitzer 1956)

1919 - Curt Gowdy,  sportscaster (ABC)

·        ENTERTAINERS (ACTORS/SINGERS…)

Michael Biehn actor turns 55

Dean Cain actor turns 45

1932 - Ted Cassidy, American actor (Lurch-Addams Family)

Wesley Snipes actor/director turns 49

Barry Van Dyke actor, turns 60

·        ENTREPRENEUR & EDUCATORS

1803 - John Ericsson, US, inventor (screw propeller)/shipbuilder-USS Monitor

1912 - Milton Friedman, economist (Nobel 1976)

1724 - Noël François de Wailly, French lexicographer

·        POLITICIANS

--

·        SCIENTISTS / THEOLOGISTS

1702 - Jean Denis Attiret, French Jesuit missionary and painter

1858 - Richard Dixon Oldham, British geologist

‡     Today’s Obits:

1997 - Bo Dai, Last emporer of Vietnam, dies at 85

1556 - St Ignatius of Loyola, founder of Society of Jesus dies of Roman Fever at 65

1875 - Andrew Johnson, 17th pres, dies of a stroke at 66

1964 - Jim Reeves, US country singer, dies in air crash at 39

1953 - Robert Taft, (Sen-R-Oh) "Mr Republican", dies of brain hemorrhage at 63

‡     ANSWERS:

Trivia Quiz

1.      Which 90s rerun of a 60s series had the promotion line" It's not stupid... it's surrealism?"

a.      Green Acres

2.      Who was the producer creator of Gilligan's Island?

a.      Sherwood Schwartz

3.      Ed Sullivan was Broadway gossip columnist on which newspaper?

a.      New York Daily News

4.      Which 1968 cop show was the brain child of Aaron Spelling?

a.      The Mod Squad

5.      Which series was based on the novel Cyborg by Martin Caidin?

a.      The Six Million Dollar Man

6.      Who hosted The Match Game on its original run on NBC?

a.      Gene Rayburn

7.      Who first asked contestants to "come on down" on The Price Is Right?

a.      Johnny Olden

8.      Who played the theme music on The Dating Game?

a.      Herb Alpert & The Tijuana Brass

9.      What was Desi Arnaz's real first name?

a.      Desiderio

10.   Who hosted The Texaco Star Theater in the 1940s?

a.      Milton Berle

11.   What was the name of the cook in Bonanza?

a.      Hop Sing

12.   Which comedy show was originally called You'll Never Get Rich?

a.      The Phil Silvers Show

13.   What was Hanna and Barbera's first TV show?

a.      Ruff and Ready

Close Up Picture

Disclaimer: All opinions are mine…feel free to agree or disagree. All ‘data’ info is from the internet sites and is usually checked with at least one other source, but I have learned that every site has mistakes and sadly once out the information is out there, many sites simply copy it and is therefore difficult to verify. Also for events occurring before the Gregorian calendar was adopted [1582] may not be totally accurate.

‡     AND THAT’S ALL FOR NOW     ‡